Who holds ultimate responsibility for the rocket and its flight during a launch?

The ultimate responsibility for the rocket and its flight during a launch is held by the flier. This individual is accountable for ensuring that the rocket meets all safety and regulatory requirements prior to launch. The flier must also make critical decisions regarding the launch based on the rocket’s performance and the conditions at the launch site. This encompasses everything from pre-launch checks to responding to any unforeseen issues that may arise during the flight.

While roles like the range safety officer and the launch director are vital for maintaining safety and coordination, they serve in support capacities rather than assuming direct responsibility for the rocket's operation. The flier has the hands-on control and decision-making authority that ultimately governs the success and safety of the launch, making them the primary person responsible in this scenario. Spectators, on the other hand, do not have any responsibility or control over the flight, solely observing the events as they unfold.