What are the three major factors that determine the maximum altitude of a high-power rocket in vertical flight?

The maximum altitude that a high-power rocket can achieve during its vertical flight is primarily influenced by motor thrust, rocket weight, and aerodynamic drag.

Motor thrust determines how much upward force is generated to propel the rocket. A high thrust allows the rocket to overcome its weight and gain altitude, while a low thrust may hinder its ascent.

Rocket weight is a crucial factor because it directly opposes the thrust generated by the motor. Heavier rockets require more thrust to achieve the same altitude as lighter ones. Therefore, a well-balanced rocket with appropriate thrust-to-weight ratio is essential for optimal performance.

Aerodynamic drag plays a significant role once the rocket is in motion. As the rocket ascends, it encounters air resistance that can slow its upward velocity. The design and surface features of the rocket affect how much drag it experiences. Minimizing drag improves the rocket's ability to reach higher altitudes.

In summary, the interplay of these three factors—motor thrust, rocket weight, and aerodynamic drag—dictates how high the rocket can go, making option B the accurate choice.